Arduino temperature and humidity sensors

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Currently I am expanding my sensor network with various environmental sensors. As a base I rely on Arduinos which are connected via KNX and provide data from temperature and humidity sensors.

As a sensor I have decided for a DHT22 temperature sensor. It is cheap, very precise and there is a ready Arduino library so that the query of the temperature and humidity values are relatively simple. You can install the required Arduino library directly from your Android IDE.

Circuit diagram

Arduino	DHT22
GND	GND (PIN 4)
Digital Input (Pin 4)	Data (PIN 2)
VCC	VCC (PIN 2)

Arduino circuit diagram Sensor prototype assembled

Accuracy and calibration

As for accuracy. It must always be calibrated. There are no sensors that do not have to be calibrated. Even if they are pre-calibrated, they have to be recalibrated at the latest after 1-2 years as the properties of the components change slightly over time. It should also calibrate as close as possible in the later range of values. As a reference to calibrate the temperature I use the temperature measuring device GTH 175 PT from Greisinger. He “should be” very accurate for this price. The address where you can buy the measuring device can be found in my component list.

I will carry out the humidity via a saturation measurement. Simply fill a glass with saline. Some water on it. Put the bag together with the sensor and seal the air tight. After 24 - 48 hours and a temperature from approximately 20°C, an air humidity of 75.4% should be adjusted.

On average, my deviation from the reference point was between -0.1 ° C and +0.1 ° C, with 13 of 14 sensors. A sensor had a deviation of +0.3 ° C. So no bad values. The humidity was between 0% and 8%.

Power consumption

Mode	Consumption
Deep Sleep	1.20mA (3,63mW)
Measurement (min)	4.73mA (15.60mW)
Measurement (max)	7,50mA (24.75mW)

Here you can get better results if you:
1. You disable the “Progress” LED in the source code.
2. You disable the power LED. For this, however, one has to cut the cable on the conductor with a cutter knife.

Installation

Flush-mounted sensor opened Flush-mounted sensor closed Flush-mounted sensor details
On the last picture you can see a small slit on the bottom for better air circulation.

Component list

Arduino Sourcecode

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#include <Arduino.h>

#include <avr/sleep.h>
#include <KnxTpUart.h>
#include <DHT.h>

#define DHTPIN 4     
#define DHTTYPE DHT22 //DHT11, DHT21, DHT22

const String knxAddress              = "1.1.99";
const String groupTemperatureAddress = "0/7/13";
const String groupHumidityAddress    = "0/7/14";

const int interval = 60;
const int ledpin = 13;

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

KnxTpUart knx(&Serial, knxAddress);

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(19200);
  UCSR0C = UCSR0C | B00100000; // Even Parity
  
  knx.uartReset();
  
  dht.begin();

  watchdogOn(); // Enable watchdog timer.

  // The following saves some extra power by disabling some peripherals I am not using.
  ADCSRA = ADCSRA & B01111111; // Disable ADC, ADEN bit7 to 0
  ACSR = B10000000; // Disable analog comparator, ACD bit7 to 1
  DIDR0 = DIDR0 | B00111111; // Disable digitale inputbuffer, set analoge input pins 0-5 to 1
}

void loop()
{
   // handle temperature
  float temperature = dht.readTemperature(); // Read temperature
  knx.groupWrite2ByteFloat(groupTemperatureAddress, temperature); // Send knx message

  // dht22 datasheet means, we have to wait for 2 seconds between measurements
  delay(3000); // wait for 3 seconds

  // handle humidity
  float humidity = dht.readHumidity(); // Read humidity  
  knx.groupWrite2ByteFloat(groupHumidityAddress, humidity); // Send knx message

  // show Progress for 500 milliseconds
  showProgress( 500 );

  // randomize loop to avoid flooding knx bus with messages from different devices at the same time
  pwrDown( random( 56, 66 ) ); // Shutdown ATmega328 for 56 - 66 seconds;
}

void showProgress(int milliseconds)
{
  digitalWrite(ledpin, HIGH); // Enable LED
  delay( milliseconds );
  digitalWrite(ledpin, LOW);  // Disable LED
}

void pwrDown(int seconds)
{
  set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN); // Set deepest sleep mode PWR_DOWN
  for(int i=0; i < seconds; i++)
  {
    sleep_enable(); // Enable sleep mode
    sleep_mode(); // Start sleep mode
    sleep_disable(); // Disable sleep mode 
  }
}

void watchdogOn()
{
  MCUSR = MCUSR & B11110111; // Disable reset flag, WDRF bit3 of MCUSR.
  WDTCSR = WDTCSR | B00011000; // Set bit 3+4 to be able to set prescaler later
  WDTCSR = B00000110; // Set watchdog prescaler to 128K > is round about 1 second
  WDTCSR = WDTCSR | B01000000; // Enable watchdog interrupt
  MCUSR = MCUSR & B11110111;
}

ISR(WDT_vect)
{
  //sleepcounter ++; // count sleepcycles
}